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September 23
1122. The Concordat of Worms. Nominally a resolution of a power struggle between the Pope, Calixtus II, and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, the resolution reached actually had far reaching consequences in the division of authority over bishops and other members of the Church within nations, raised the Pope above being subject to secular authority, and eventually undermined the concept of the divine right of kings. Prior to the Concordat, Holy Roman Emperors had taken the position thta it was their right to be involved, heavily or exclusively, in the appointment of bishops, etc. and the selection of the Pope.
1641. The Merchant Royal sinks off Land's End, Cornwall, carrying at least 100,000 pounds of gold, which would be worth $1 billion in today's money, making it one of the, if not THE, most valuable shipwreck ever. The remains of the ship have never been found.
1780. British Major John Andre is arrested as a spy, and his arrest results in the discovery that Benedict Arnold has changed sides.
1806. Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Northwest.
1889. Nintendo is founded, to produce and market a popular card game. Later it will achieve greater fame with different types of games.
1941. The first gas chamber experiments are performed at Auschwitz.
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